Analysis Of George Moore s Proof Of An External World

Skepticism is the claim that we do not have knowledge and denies that is posible to justify our beliefs because of this. â€Å"I think, therefore I am† is the well known saying from Philosopher Rene Descartes. This saying derives from his ideas based around Skepticism and Skeptical scenarios. This essay will argue that Philosopher George Moore’s response to skepitcism, in his writings ‘Proof of an external world’ provide an argument which is sound and against Descartes skeptical scenario of being decieved by an evil genius, by comparing Descartes skeptical scenario to Moore’s skeptical scenario and Moore’s conclusion of the existance of the external world in comparions to Descartes conclusion that he can only be sure of his existence. This will be evaluated through evidence proposed through their skeptical hypothesis’ that Descartes discusses in his Second Meditation and then compared with Moore’s response to his hypothesis. In Philosophy, certain words convey specific meanings. Here, I will define these terms.The word skepticism, relates to the idea as we do not have the knowledge to be certain of anything, our beliefs become unjustifiable. A skeptical scenario has to be consistent with evidence, and if it is true then these beliefs would be unjustified. Rene Descartes â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy† is a philsophical treatise, which is a formal written discourse on Descartes skeptical scenario. G.E. Moore’s ‘Proof of an External World’ is an essay Moore wrote. TheShow MoreRelatedAuditors Independence Case Study14460 Words   |  58 PagesINTEREST AND THE CASE OF AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE: MORAL SEDUCTION AND STRATEGIC ISSUE CYCLING DON A. MOORE Carnegie Mellon University PHILIP E. TETLOCK University of California, Berkeley LLOYD TANLU MAX H. BAZERMAN Harvard University A series of financial scandals revealed a key weakness in the American business model: the failure of the U.S. auditing system to deliver true independence. 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Ethics, Ethics And Human Interaction - 857 Words

Introduction The question of morals, ethics and human interaction has fascinated our species in our entire history. The fact that most the myths and stories from ancient times and even the behavior of the Greek and Roman gods are all teaching ethical conduct, is an statement of the importance of this field. The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ethos (character), and from the Latin word mores (customs). Collectively, they combine to define how entities choose to interact with one another. In philosophy, ethics defines what is good for the individual and for society and establishes the nature of duties that people owe themselves and one another (Cornell University Law School, n.d.). Ethics in Business What is business ethics? 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Organizational Behavior Paper - 2048 Words

Organizational Behavior Darleen Cervera, David Spann, Virginia Waugaman, William Anderson MMPBL 502 August 16, 2010 Thomas A Graham Organizational Behavior Kudler Fine Foods is a chain of upscale epicurean food shops located in San Diego, California. It was founded in 1998 by Kathy Kudler in response to her personal frustrations about the lack of a convenient, one-stop shop for gourmet cooks. The first store opened in La Jolla and was greeted with immediate success. Since then Kudler Fine Foods has expanded to include three different locations in the San Diego metropolitan area and has even more growth plans set in place. This paper will examine the apparent culture at Kudler Fine Foods as well as the organizational†¦show more content†¦Each location has a store manager, two assistant managers, and four department managers who have staff that reports to them directly. Department managers make the decision on what products and quantity that will be purchased for their department. They are also responsible to ensure the freshness and quality of the product that is sold in their location. If there is a complaint about the freshness of the products it goes to the store manager to discuss with the department manager who will investigate and discipline any employee that is in violation of Kudler Fine Foods freshness policy. Span of control is the limit of subordinates that a manager oversees. In each of the Kudler Fine Food store has approximately 32 employees. Department Managers oversee about half of the store employees, the Store Managers directly oversee about 18 employees directly and 15 employees indirectly. Kathy Kudler makes all the final decisions on what products are available in the stores what type of promotions they are offering as well as being in the stores for portion of her day every day of the week. She is very hands on and does all the major purchases for each of the stores. Customers are her first and foremost concern, this is evident by the details she has placed in each store based on high quality of food stuffs and the best customers service in the indu stry. Kudler Fine Foods faces many external forces that require management to identify, evaluate,Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Paper1772 Words   |  8 PagesUniversity of Phoenix MGT 331 Organizational Behavior Gary Denny January 15, 2006 Organizational Behavior Forces All companies experience internal and external forces that affect the nature of their business. Some of these forces can be controlled by the company itself these are called internal forces but actions that occur outside of the company without the company being able to control them is called external forces. 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Communication and Culture - Hip Hop free essay sample

Use your knowledge of selected theoretical perspectives and key concepts to evaluate the views about hip hop expressed here. (40 marks) Hip hop marks a significant change In society. It represents the expression of disenfranchised young people originally from the Bronx. However what argument A tries to express Is that hip hop Is slowly loosing Its value and significance looking from a Marxist point of view. HIP hop had many values associated with Its subculture, values were based on there life the ability to express themselves lyrically and reach out to the people.The significance of hip hop was the evolution of how it was able to be accepted into the mainstream culture and influence contemporary culture. However the case today is that what was once a folk expression has since matured into a multi-million dollar industry. The hip-hop industry can now be seen as a form of capitalism as it incorporates the three key components. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication and Culture Hip Hop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You have the owner record labels, producers, the workers rappers, Macs, Artists and you have the consumer people who buy the products derived from this industry.The Frankfurt school may say that we think we are enjoying the hip hop culture but we are being brainwashed and exposed to capitalism through the concept of private ownership, competition, consumerism and hierarchy. We see this through solicitation a mall agent being the media. In music videos we see rappers dressed In the most expensive clothes all designer, the expensive jewelry, latest phones, the women with perfect bodies, the drinks the atmosphere.They create a hyper real world that people want to be a part of having the money, clothes and the fame all of which is commodity fetishism. This is summed up by a lyrics taken from a rising hip hop star Drakes song successful l ant the money, money and car, cars and hoes, the hoes I suppose I Just want to be I just want to be successful. This here reinforces argument Ass view in that hip hop is loosing its value and is no more about expression but is now about the money this industry can make as this is now what is seen to be successful.There is also now the concept of alienation within the hip hop Industry as there are so many events and commodities associated with this culture, rappers and artist have no choice In some of there task for example not all rappers and artists write there own music but still ill do the track or they are needed to advertise for LOreal for example there is no actual connection to what they are doing and put emphasis on the fact that at the end of the day it is only based on profit.This show that people are not connected to there labor and that the workers are not aware of the fact that they are being exploited. Communication and Culture Hip Hop By shantytowns Use your knowledge of selected theoretical perspectives and key concepts to evaluate change in society. It represents the expression of disenfranchised young people originally from the Bronx. However what argument A tries to express is that hip hop is slowly loosing its value and significance looking from a Marxist point of view.

Metamorphosis free essay sample

Ripples of Metamorphoses Butterflies are not the only creatures that are subject to experience metamorphosis. All beings, including humans, experience certain changes throughout their lives. Interconnectedness between individuals reveals even a single change cannot go undetected. Metamorphosis is an important motif in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, which symbolizes not only Gregor’s transformation, but also the change in the Samsa family as a whole, as well as Grete in particular. Gregor’s metamorphosis is the main symbol of metamorphosis in the story. His transfiguration into a bug changes him not only physically, but also mentally. At first, he is hopeful his physical state is only a momentary medical condition. The concern Gregor’s family initially portray supports Gregor’s belief that he is only temporarily a bug. Kafka describes Gregor’s confidence, â€Å"The positive certainty with which these first measures had been taken comforted him. He felt himself drawn once more into the human circle and hoped for great and remarkable results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Kafka 155). At this point Gregor is still hopeful and optimistic. He asserts to the chief clerk, â€Å"I have to provide for my parents and my sister. Im in great difficulties, but Ill get out of them again† (156). Although Gregor is in no condition to work he exclaims, â€Å"But what’s the use of lying idle in bed† (149). By supporting his family financially, Gregor is essential to the Samsas and feels needed. Without the ability to provide for his family, Gregor is no longer a valuable asset to the Samsas. As time progresses, Gregor’s optimism and high spirits dwindle. He loses interest in things that once brought him joy, staring out of the window in â€Å"some recollection of the sense of freedom that looking out of a window always used to give him† (166). Formerly having a strong appetite, Gregor begins to lose â€Å"any interest he had ever taken in food, so that for mere recreation he had formed the habit of crawling crisscross over the walls and ceiling† (168). Grete notices how Gregor likes to crawl on the walls and has the idea that Gregor would appreciate a more spacious room. She decides to clear everything our of Gregor’s room to allow him more crawling space. Gregor is happy about the idea at first until he realizes his possessions are the last indicators of his humanity: Gregor realized that the lack of all direct human speech for the past two months together with the monotony of family life must have confused his mind, otherwise he could not account for the fact that he had quite earnestly looked forward to having his room emptied of furnishing. Did he really want his warm room, so comfortably fitted with old family furniture, to be turned into a naked den in which he would certainly be able to crawl unhampered in all directions but at the price of shedding simultaneously all recollection of his human background (170)? Gregor realizes the extent to which his transformation has altered his mentality, and wants to resist any further change. Grete, however, disregards this insight and Gregor’s belongings are cleared out. Gregor observes as pieces of his furniture are carried out one by one, stripping the room of all of Gregor’s human possessions. He decides if anything is to stay, it must be his beloved picture. â€Å"He clung to his picture and would not give it up. He would rather fly in Gretes face† (172). This is the first instance Gregor displays thoughts of aggressive behavior, contrasting his submissive nature at the beginning of his transformation. Gregor’s change in emotion illustrates Kafka’s notion that people’s experiences cause their attitudes to change. Metamorphosis is a symbol of change. Gregor’s condition now leaves him feeling restless; he â€Å"hardly slept at all by night or by day† (177). He feels alienated, expressing how he feels not â€Å"in the mood to bother about his family, he was only filled with rage at the way they were neglecting him† (177). As Gregor’s room gets dirtier from lack of attention, he loses the need to convey his complaints. â€Å"At first Gregor used to station himself in some particularly filthy corner when his sister arrived, in order to reproach her with it, so to speak†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (178). Gregor does not have the same concern for his hygiene. â€Å"His indifference to everything was much too great for him to turn on his back and scrape himself clean on the carpet, as once he had done several times a day† (181). Gregor is now depressed, â€Å"eating hardly anything† (179). He does not feel the same concern about himself or his family. â€Å"He felt hardly any surprise at his growing lack of consideration for the others; there had been a time when he prided himself on being considerate† (181). Gregor then reaches the lowest point of his metamorphosis. The lodgers living in his house become aware of his presence and claim they will not pay the Samsa’s any rent. The family decides they must get rid of Gregor, and he concedes leaving would be the best choice for everyone. â€Å"He thought of his family with tenderness and love. The decision that he must disappear was one that he held to even more strongly than his sister, if that were possible† (186). That night, he dies in â€Å"a state of vacant and peaceful meditation† (186). This is the end of Gregor’s metamorphosis, and he is at last at peace. While Gregor underwent his individual metamorphosis, the Samsa family underwent a metamorphosis of their own. They were forced to deal with an essential loss of a family member, who they relied on financially. The Samsa family shows the most concern for Gregor during the initial days following his transformation. â€Å"In the first few days especially there was no conversation that did not refer to him somehow, even if only indirectly. For two whole days there were family consultations at every mealtime about what should be done; but also between meals the same subject was discussed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (164). They are still hopeful for Gregor, and appear to think his transformation is only temporary. Gregor’s mother urges Gregor’s room not to be altered, for she thinks â€Å"it would be best to keep his room exactly as it has always been, so that when he comes back to us he will find everything unchanged and be able all the more easily to forget what has happened in between (169). Grete assumes caretaker for Gregor, feeding and cleaning his room, but as time passes her persistence diminishes: His sister no longer took thought to bring him what might especially please him, but in the morning and at noon before she went to business hurriedly pushed into his room with her foot any food that was available, and in the evening cleared it out again with one sweep of the broom, heedless of whether it had been merely tasted, or-as most frequently happened-left untouched. The cleaning of his room, which she now did always in the evenings, could not have been more hastily done. Streaks of dirt stretched along the walls, here and there lay balls of dust and filth (177). The family even uses Gregor’s room as a storage area. Items â€Å"found their way into Gregors room. The ash can likewise and the kitchen garbage can. Anything that was not needed for the moment was simply flung into Gregors room†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (179). The family is less and less attentive to Gregor. Gregor’s father, mother, and sister each are forced to get jobs to pay for their flat â€Å"which was much too big for their present circumstances† (176). For five years Gregor’s family relied on him for financial support. As Gregor lies in bed unable to move he wonders why Grete is crying, â€Å"†¦because he was in danger of losing his job, and because the chief would begin dunning his parents for the old debts? † (152). The family is in debt but Gregor is the only person working. â€Å"Gregor had earned so much money that he was able to meet the expenses of the whole household and did so. They had simply gotten used to it† (165). However, he is working only to support his family and thinks to himself if it weren’t for his parents, â€Å"I’d have quit ages ago† (147). Gregor was unhappy with his job, but he sacrificed his happiness for the sake of supporting his family. To afford their large and expensive flat, each of the Samsas acquire a job. The family has to cope with Gregor’s transformation indirectly, marking their own metamorphoses’ into a functioning household. Grete, in particular picks up a lot of slack. She not only cares for Gregor, but â€Å"had taken a job as a salesgirl, was learning shorthand and French in the evenings on the chance of bettering herself† (175). Her job surely detracts from her care for Gregor, which attributes to his depressed state before dying. Grete was only seventeen at the time of Gregor’s initial metamorphosis. He admits his sister â€Å"was only a child despite the efforts she was making and had perhaps taken on so difficult a task merely out of childish thoughtlessness† (168). However, Mr. and Mrs. Samsa appreciate Grete’s initiative, â€Å"whereas formerly they had frequently scolded her for being as they thought a somewhat useless daughter† (168). As Grete gets busier with her job, her life revolves less and less around Gregor. She does not bring him food and rather starves him. An incident with the Samsa’s lodgers causes Grete to realize how Gregor is hurting their family. She exclaims to her parents, it will be the death of both of you, I can see that coming. When one has to work as hard as we do, all of us, one cant stand this continual torment at home on top of it. At least I cant stand it any longer (184). Grete finally realizes what her parents knew all along; Gregor was not fit to be a part of the family any more. On the day of Gregor’s death Mr. and Mrs. Samsa notice Grete’s maturity. She had an â€Å"increasing vivacity, that in spite of all the sorrow of recent times, which had made her cheeks pale, she had bloomed into a pretty girl with a good figure†¦ it would soon be time to find a good husband for her† (189). Having to cope with Gregor’s metamorphosis initiated a metamorphosis in Grete. Gregor’s metamorphosis affects all the main characters in the story. Franz Kafka uses metamorphosis as a symbol of the changes people experience throughout their lives. What affects one person can inevitably affect those around them. In this case Gregor’s change forced his family to become financially independent, and caused his sister to mature into a woman. Gregor’s metamorphosis instigated an interconnection of events that caused those around him to have to adapt to his change. Like ripples in a lake, metamorphosis has the power to touch even the waters of the farthest shore. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Kennedy and Gioia. 146-89. Print.